They post will show the main parts of a centrifugal pump for you to better understand this important equipment.
(Eduardo Secco – FAMAC Training)
In our post previous here in the blog you can learn a little more about centrifugal pumps and motor pumps. There, we brought questions about the operation and the main segments and applications of this equipment. Well, today, in post, the idea is to show that the different types of centrifugal pumps have different structures and that this is directly reflected in the diversity of their components.
Interested? So stick around to learn with us a little more!
In general, a centrifugal pump is composed of two main parts: the casing and the impeller. Another important component is the sealing system. Figure 1 illustrates these main components, which will be described in more detail below.
Figure 1 - Components of a motor pump
Carcass, shell, lid or volute
The structure we see from the outside, the “body” of the pump, is the casing, which can be understood as the base that couples other components. In certain regions of the country, the carcass is also called a caracol, lid or volute.
Usually in centrifugal pumps, the casings are equipped with a suction or aspiration nozzle, which directs the liquid to the central part of the rotor/impeller and a discharge nozzle, which directs the liquid out of the pump. Thus, the housing collects the liquid from the inlet nozzle, guides it directly to the outlet nozzle and, during this journey, promotes the transformation of part of the kinetic energy into pressure energy. Housings can be of the volute type, when they have a spiral shape, or diffuser type, when they include static vanes.
As for the type of material from which the housings can be made, the options are diverse, however the most used are: iron, aluminum, bronze or stainless steel. But you might be wondering if we can have pumps made of other materials, right? The answer is yes, as long as they do not absorb water, are chemically compatible with the liquids to be moved, and are resistant to wear and corrosion.
In the handout “Pumps and Motor Pumps” prepared by FAMAC, you can consult the table “Casing Materials Depending on Use in Applications”. On the main page of our website, click on the “Download” menu and download the complete booklet to consult at all times.
Rotor, impeller or impeller
The rotor, also called propeller or impeller, is the main component of the centrifugal pump, as it is responsible for providing energy to the liquid to be pumped.
The principle of operation of a centrifugal rotor is that when it rotates, driven by an external driving source, it creates a depression, a "vacuum" in its central region, causing the aspiration of the liquid, which begins to rotate and is directed to the periphery. by the action of centrifugal force, acquiring pressure and velocity.
The types of impellers are varied: there are closed, semi-open, vortex, helical... Determining the type of impeller and the constituent material for the type of liquid in the application is essential for the pump to work correctly. Again, in FAMAC's booklet “Pumps and Motobombas” you will also find two very complete tables giving details of all this, be sure to download yours!
Mechanical seal sealing system
The components of the sealing system have the function of preventing the passage of liquid, air or any foreign body in the region where the shaft crosses the casing, allowing isolation between the internal and external means of the pump. The most used forms of sealing in pumps are static and dynamic sealing. Static sealing happens when you have two parts that are not moving with each other, but need to be sealed. Dynamic sealing is used to seal moving or rotating parts and mechanical seals are an example of this type of sealing.
In mechanical seals normally one surface remains stationary (stationary face) while the other rotates with the shaft (rotating face). Also equipped with a spring and sealing components, a great advantage in adopting mechanical seals is that the lubrication of their sliding tracks is carried out by the pumped liquid itself.
Figure 2 - Components of a mechanical seal
In the same way as for the casing and the rotor, in relation to the manufacturing materials, the parts of the mechanical seals can be produced in different materials; that is, depending on the liquid to be pumped, a mechanical seal must be chosen whose manufacturing materials are compatible with the application in which it will be used.
in the handout Pumps and Motor Pumps you will be able to learn more about this subject. It's a very rich and free material! Take the opportunity to learn a little more about centrifugal pumps!
To find out more about FAMAC's lines of pumps and motor pumps, visit the tab Products in our website. We have the ideal solution to solve the problem of pumping in homes, buildings, industrial facilities, sanitation, animal husbandry, farming...
And when you need one help to identify the best product to meet your needs, feel free to get in touch, the FAMAC team will be able to help you!
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